PMPs
in clinical trials and advanced PMIPs - Research findings first presented
at FinMed 2006, on 30th March 2006 - table last updated Oct.07
with
thanks to Francois Arcand and Dr Ulrich Steiner - © Brian Marshall,
MolecularFarming.com - 2006 g
Research findings summary
1] From 1995 - 2006 the total amount of land used
for every PMP trial done outdoors was less than 1200 acres ( an average
US farm)
2] By 2015 - even with 40 approved PMP drugs with $1bn markets
each, land use will be less than 40,000 acres - less than 50 farms.
3] Molecular Farming of PMPs is "pharmaceutical gardening",
and has little in common with food agriculture
4] PMIPs have the potential to have more significant land use than
PMPs - eventually.
5] On examination of PMIP products and regulation stage achieved
so far, major growing in the 1,000,000+ acres scale is extremely unlikely
in the next 6 to 8 years. ( Molecular Farming of PMIPs will not be comparable
to any major Global food / feed / fibre production in the medium term
)
During my research I have found that PMPs are in development for almost
all major human diseases and conditions, including
Alzheimer's disease , Anthrax, Arthritis , Cancer, Chronic obstructive
pulmonary disorder (COPD), Crohn's disease, Cystic Fibrosis, Diabetes,
Heart Disease, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV, Iron deficiency, Kidney
Disease, Measles, Multiple sclerosis, Obesity, SARS and Spinal Cord Injuries.
Animal / poultry vaccines and medicines are also in development for diseases
like Avian flu, Coccidiosis, Fowl pest, Parvovirus and Rabies
Plant made
pharmaceuticals - Product status with regard to clinical trials - October
07
| Company
/ Institution |
Plant
used |
Product |
Indication |
Clinical
Stage |
Meristem
Therapeutics |
Maize |
Gastric lipase
|
Cystic fibrosis
|
Phase 2 (x2 "unformulated"
and "formulated") |
| |
Maize |
Lactoferrin |
Gastrointestinal
disorders |
Phase 1 |
Planet
Biotechnology |
Tobacco |
slgA "CaroRx" |
Prevention of
tooth decay |
Phase 2 but already
granted an
EU licence as a medical device
Seeking EU. distribution partner. |
| |
Tobacco |
ICAM1 |
receptor for
common cold |
Phase 1 ready,
early 2008 |
| Prodigene
|
Maize |
Lt-B vaccine |
Traveller's diarrhoea |
Phase 1 complete
- not ongoing |
| |
Maize |
TGE vaccine |
Piglet gastroenteritis |
Phase 1 complete
- not ongoing |
| |
Maize |
Avidin |
Diagnostic use |
Available in
Sigma catalogue |
| |
Maize |
Trypsin |
Wound care /
insulin
manufacture |
Available in
Sigma catalogue |
| |
Maize |
Aprotinin |
Non clinical
use |
No longer in
Sigma catalogue |
| |
Maize |
GUS |
Non clinical
use |
No longer in
Sigma catalogue |
LSBC
(in Ch.11
bankruptcy) |
Tobacco |
Vaccine |
Non-Hodgkin's
lymphoma |
Phase 1 successful
in 2002 |
| |
Tobacco |
Vaccine |
Feline Parvovirus |
"very advanced"
- Status confidential |
| |
Tobacco |
Aprotinin |
Non-clinical
use |
Was in Sigma
catalogue in 2005 |
| Arizona
State Univ. |
Potato |
Vaccine |
E.Coli |
Phase 1 |
| |
Potato |
Vaccine |
Hepatitis "B" |
Phase 1 |
| |
Potato |
Vaccine |
Norwark virus |
Phase 1 |
| |
Tobacco |
Vaccine |
Norwark virus |
Phase 1 / 2 |
| |
Undisclosed |
Oral Vaccine
|
Undisclosed |
Phase 1 planned
start mid '07 |
| Ventria
Biosciences |
Rice |
Lactoferrin |
Undisclosed |
Undisclosed |
| |
Rice |
Lactoferrin |
cell culture
media |
Available from
company |
| |
Rice |
Lysozyme |
Undisclosed |
Undisclosed |
| |
Rice |
Lysozyme |
For research
purposes |
Available from
company |
| Biolex
|
Lemna |
Alpha
Interferon |
Hepatitis "B"
& "C"
and Cancer |
Phase 1 ( x2
trials - "general" and
"formulated dose" ) |
| |
Lemna |
|
Fibrinolytic
"Clot-buster" |
Phase 1 ready |
Cobento
AS
(formerly Cobento Biotech AS) |
Aribidopsis |
Human
Intrinsic
Factor |
Vitamin B12 deficiency |
Approved Coban
product launched.
Successful 37 patient clinical trial
cGMP production certified |
| |
Aribidopsis |
Transcobalamin
|
Diagnostic /
research |
Available from
company |
| Dow
Agrisciences |
Plant cell
non-
nicotine
tobacco |
Vaccine |
Newcastle disease
in
poultry |
USDA Approved
in Feb.06 |
| |
Plant cell -
tobacco |
Vaccines |
"diseases
of horses,
dogs and birds" |
Undisclosed |
| Protalix
|
Plant cell |
Glucocerebrosidase
|
Gaucher's disease |
Phase 3 started
Aug 29th,07 |
| Guardian
Biosciences |
Canola |
Edible vaccine |
Coccidiosis in
poultry |
CFIA phase 2 |
| /
Nexgen Biotech |
Oriental
Melon |
Thyroid stimulating
hormone receptor |
Diagnosis of
Graves
disease |
Available from
company |
| |
Oriental
Melon |
Viral antigens |
Rapid detection
of
Hantaan and Puumala |
Available from
company |
| CIGB
(Cuba) |
Tobacco |
Recombinant
Monoclonal (Mab) |
Purification
re-agent in Hep."B" vaccine |
Approved mid
2006 in Cuba |
| D.Yusibov
and others |
Spinach |
Vaccine |
Rabies |
Phase 1 successful
in 2002 |
| Farmacule
|
Tobacco |
Virtonectin |
Research use |
Available from
company mid 2007 Distribution under negotiation |
| NeoRx
/ Monsanto |
Maize |
Antibody |
Cancer |
Phase 2 ( failed)
|
Applied
Biotech.
Institute & partner |
Maize |
Undisclosed |
Undisclosed |
Animal trials
underway |
| Sembiosys |
Safflower |
Insulin |
Diabetes |
Phase 1 trial
planned for early 2008 |
| |
Safflower |
Apolipoprotein AI |
Cardiovascular |
Phase 1 trial
planned for early 2009 |
| Chlorogen
& partner |
Tobacco |
a TGF-Beta protein |
Ovarian Cancer |
Advanced animal
trials |
PMIPs - Some
advanced plant made industrial protein products
| Company
/ Institution |
Plant
used |
Product
/ purpose |
Development
Stage |
| Aresa
(Denmark) |
Thale cress |
Landmine detection |
Successful field
trials. Launch 2007 |
| Univ.Wyoming
|
Alfalfa |
Spider silk |
"Spinning
fibre" - Ready to licence |
| Linnaeus
(Canada) |
Canola / Rape |
Non-polluting
engine oil
and 2-stroke engine oil |
Tested and proven
at Lab scale. - Ready to licence |
PMIPs - Some
advanced phytoremediation plants
| Company
/ Institution |
Plant
used |
Phytoremediation
target / Pollutant |
Development
Stage |
| Univ.
California - Berkley |
Mustard |
Selenium |
Successful field
trials |
| Hungarian
Acad. Sciences. |
Poplar |
Cadmium Zinc
Chromium Copper |
Awaiting field
trial permission |
| AIST
Japan |
Tobacco |
BPA, PCP and
other Chlorophenols |
Early field
trials |
| Peking
Univ. Collage of Life |
Tobacco
and Algae |
Heavy metals
especially Mercury |
Awaiting field
trial permission |
| Univ.
of York (England) |
Tobacco |
TNT and RDX Explosive |
Early trial |
PMIPs - Some
advanced plant made industrial enzymes
| Company
/ Institution |
Plant
used |
Product
/ purpose |
Development
Stage |
| Applied
Biotechnology Institute |
Maize |
Peroxidase -
paper bleaching |
Product verification
trials completed -
Available to licence |
| |
Maize |
Laccase - paper
bleaching |
Product verification
trials completed -
Available to licence |
| |
Maize |
Cellulase - Ethanol
production |
Product verification
trials completed -
Available to licence |
| |
Maize |
Embryo specific promoters |
3 different
types -
Available to licence |
| |
Maize |
Constitutive promoter |
Available to licence |
| |
Maize |
Scoreable/Selectable
marker |
Available to licence |
Permission is granted by Brian Marshall and MolecularFarming.com,
to reprint or reproduce this work for any non-profit use, provided that
the original source and author's name is included in the reproduction.
Reproducing any or all of this work for profit, without written permission
of the author, will be taken as breach of copyright. Recombinant
Proteins from Plants: Methods & Protocols - 2008. editors Loic Faye &
Véronique Gomord
- currently the best, most up to date book on Molecular Farming
|